Syntax Classification of Verbs#
| Syntax Classification | Verb Terminology |
|---|---|
| School Grammar (for native speakers) | Godan Verbs, Ichidan Verbs, Kuru and Suru Verbs |
| Educational Grammar (for foreign learners) | Type I Verbs, Type II Verbs, Type III Verbs |
Personally, I prefer School Grammar because it is easier to remember.
Related notes: Godan Verbs, Ichidan Verbs
Suru and Kuru Irregular Verbs#
There are only two: suru (to do) and kuru (to come).
Suru Verbs (Suru Irregular Verbs)#
Verbs that end with "suru" or are written in hiragana as "する".
For example: benkyou suru (to study), hanasu (to speak), unten suru (to drive)...
The stems of these verbs do not remain fixed like Godan and Ichidan verbs, but change in different grammatical forms.
Kuru Verbs (Kuru Irregular Verbs)#
There is only one: kuru (to come).
Verb Conjugation Forms for Suru (to do)#
| Conjugation | Representative Form | Meaning (Continuation) | Pronunciation Change | Completed Change | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Conjugation | Mizenkei (Incomplete Form) | Negation (nai) | shi | shinai | Not do (Plain Form) |
| Second Conjugation | Renyoukei (Continuative Form) | Polite Form (masu) | shi | shimasu, shimasen | Do, not do (Polite Form) |
| Third Conjugation | Shuushikei (Terminal Form) | Sentence Ending (.) | Unchanged | suru. | Do. (Plain Form) |
| Fourth Conjugation | Rentaikei (Attributive Form) | Modify Noun (Noun) | Unchanged | suru toki | When doing |
| Fifth Conjugation | Kateikei (Hypothetical Form) | Hypothetical Condition (ba) | sure (re) | sureba... | If doing... |
| Sixth Conjugation | Meireikei (Imperative Form) | Command, Command Completion (ro, yo) | shi, se | shiro, seyo | Go do! |
| Seventh Conjugation | Iryoukei (Volitional Form) | Will (you) | shi | shiyou. | Let's do! |
The table may not be complete. For other meanings, please refer to the following:
- First Conjugation (
するし、せ、さ):- Mizenkei (Negative Form): shinai
- Mizenkei (Negative Classical Form): senu
- Causative Form (seru): saseru
- Passive Form (reru): sareru
- Passive Masu Form: saremasu
- Causative Passive Form: saserareru
- Second Conjugation (
するし):- Renyoukei (Te Form): shite
- Fifth Conjugation (
するで、すれ):- Potential Form: dekiru
- Conditional Form/Realis Form/Hypothetical Form: sureba
Verb Conjugation Forms for Kuru (to come)#
| Conjugation | Representative Form | Meaning (Continuation) | Pronunciation Change | Completed Change | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Conjugation | Mizenkei (Incomplete Form) | Negation (nai) | ko | konai | Not come (Plain Form) |
| Second Conjugation | Renyoukei (Continuative Form) | Polite Form (masu) | ki | kimasu, kimasen | Come, not come (Polite Form) |
| Third Conjugation | Shuushikei (Terminal Form) | Sentence Ending (.) | Unchanged | kuru. | Come. (Plain Form) |
| Fourth Conjugation | Rentaikei (Attributive Form) | Modify Noun (Noun) | Unchanged | kuru toki | When coming |
| Fifth Conjugation | Kateikei (Hypothetical Form) | Hypothetical Condition (ba) | kure (re) | kureba... | If coming... |
| Sixth Conjugation | Meireikei (Imperative Form) | Command, Command Completion (.) | koi | koi. | Come! |
| Seventh Conjugation | Iryoukei (Volitional Form) | Will (you) | ko | koyou. | Let's come! |
The table may not be complete. For other meanings, please refer to the following:
- First Conjugation (
くるこ):- Negative Form (nai): konai
- Negative Classical Form (nu): konu
- Causative Form (saseru): kosaseru
- Passive Form (rareru): korareru
- Passive Masu Form (remasu): koraremasu
- Second Conjugation (
くるき):- Renyoukei (Te Form): kite
- Fifth Conjugation (
くるこ、く):- Potential Form: korareru
- Conditional Form/Realis Form/Hypothetical Form: kureba
Conjugation of "te-form", "ta-form", and "potential form" for Suru and Kuru#
| Conjugation | Verb Te Form | Verb Ta Form | Verb Tai Form (Desire) | Verb Potential Form (After becoming potential form, all new words are Type II Verbs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suru (to do) | shite | shita | shitai | dekiru |
| Kuru (to come) | kite | kita | kitai | korareru |
This text is borrowed and learned from 【時雨の町】.